Anthropoid origins based on cranial dental and postcranial remains newly discovered in the African Oligocene and Eocene sites of Egypt; paleoecology, dating taphonomy, and anatomy of extinct mammals from the Eocene of Egypt; dating, extinctions, and anatomy of giant subfossil lemurs of Madagascar; behavioral and conservation studies of extant Malagasy lemurs; and history and relationships of middle and late Tertiary apes, as well as Plio-Pleistocene hominids.