Marine Geology & Geophysics, including underwater vehicles and seafloor drilling to investigate magmatic and volcanic processes and large scale tectonics, the evolution of Earth's magnetic field, using potential field data and developing numerical techniques to decipher regional scale in-situ geological processes in the oceanic lithosphere, and developing new geophysical devices to improve our capability to detect magmatic and tectonic processes (e.g. magnetic drifter, underwater muon radiography).