My current research work is focused on exploring protein folding/refolding and protein-protein interactions at the molecular level using cutting-edge bio- and nano- technologies, such as AFM, magnetic tweezers, scanning confocal microscope, and TIRFM. With these techniques of single-molecule manipulation and detection, protein systems and processes usually complicated from ensemble views are targeted. Currently, single-molecule approaches are used to study mechanical, electronic and fluorescent properties of proteins and to unveil the mystery of intra-and extra-cellular signaling processes