1) Biogeophysics - concerned with the geophysical signatures of microbial cells in the Earth, the interaction between microorganisms and subsurface geologic media, and the alteration of the physical properties of geologic media as a result of microbial activity.
2) Tectonics – geophysical investigations of incipient continental rift forming processes to understand how and where do continental rifts initiate with particular attention to the east African rift Zone.